The goals of the writing assignments are to help you: 1) rationalize the participation of your country or group (NGO, media) in the protocol and, 2) organize and articulate your arguments for the protocol negotiations. Writing assignments are done in teams (except for the last one). The first 4 writings are done with your country or group (NGO, media) team. The second set of writings is your topic team. Indicated in parenthesis is which team is to write the paper and the aproximate length of the paper. Each country or group paper should contain supporting information and references, if appropriate. Write you paper from the point of view of your role in this class (e.g., a policy maker if you are a minister, an NGO representation or a journalist). A set of rubrics has been prepared to help you prepare and self-assess your writing assignments . There is a general writing rubric to provide you with some guidelines for all your writings and a specific rubric for each writing assignment. Due dates are indicated on the daily program in the writing column. WRITING IN PREPARATION FOR DISCUSSION • Tragedy of the commons (1-2 pages) Describe the concept of the tragedy of the commons. What are the logic and the universal forces that drive the tragedy of the commons? How can the tragedy of the commons apply to the problem of Global Warming? What are possible strategies to address the Global Warming tragedy of the commons? WRITING 1 (rubric1) • Analysis of a Scientific Paper from the Point of View of a Policy Maker (countries - 2 pages) Describe the key points relevant to a policy maker and explain why these are relevant. Analyze page 1 to 5 (left column only on page 5) of the IPCC Summary for Policy Makers summary.policy.science.pdf. While you read the statements regarding temperature increase, put yourselves in the shoes of a policy maker. Analyze each of the key points of this document and describe in your policy maker words those points that are relevant to your country. List the scientific questions that you would need to have answered by your country's scientists in order to proceed with an emission limit policy for your country in order to contribute to addressing the observed changes. •Analysis of a Scientific Paper from a Policy Point of View (NGO) Describe the key points relevant to an NGO and explain why these are relevant. Analyze page 1 to 5 (left column only on page 5) of the IPCC Summary for Policy Makers summary.policy.science.pdf. While you read the statements regarding temperature increase, put yourselves in the shoes of an NGO representative. Analyze each of the key points of this document and describe in your own words those points that are relevant to your organization. List the scientific questions that you would need to have answered by the international scientific community in order to (better) support an international emission limit policy that would contribute to addressing the observed changes. •Analysis of a Scientific Paper from the Point of View of a Policy Maker (media) Describe the key points relevant to a media representative and explain why these are relevant. Analyze page 1 to 5 (left column only on page 5) of the IPCC Summary for Policy Makers summary.policy.science.pdf. While you read the statements regarding temperature increase, put yourselves in the shoes of a media representative. Analyze each of the key points of this document and describe how you present the information to the public. List the scientific questions that you would need to have answered by the international scientific community in order to support an international emission limit policy that would contribute to addressing the observed changes. WRITING 2 (rubric2) • Analysis of scientific basis for GHG emissions limitations (countries - 2 pages) Describe the scientific evidence of impacts of global warming on your country. What is the confidence level for that evidence? Do you believe that the scientific evidence is strong enough to take some remedial actions that may have economic consequences? Provide solid examples of both emission limitations and remedial actions that could be taken at this time. • Analysis of scientific basis for GHG emissions limitations (NGO - 2 pages) Describe how you would present the scientific evidence of impacts of global warming on specific areas you have selected as the focus of your NGO. What is the confidence level for that evidence? Do you believe that the scientific evidence is strong enough for the world to take some actions that may have economic consequences? Provide solid examples of what (if any) action should be taken at this time. • Analysis of scientific basis for GHG emissions limitations (media - 2 pages) Describe how you would present the scientific evidence of impacts of global warming on countries representing both the developed and the developing world in your media. What is the confidence level for that evidence? Are you prepared to argue in your media that the scientific evidence is strong enough for the world to take some actions that may have economic consequences? Provide solid examples of why action should or should not be taken at this time. WRITING #3 (rubric3) • Analysis of economic impacts of global warming and possible remedial actions (countries - 2 pages) Outline the positive and negative economic impacts of global warming for your country and assign a dollar figure to each impact based on the available data you might be able to find (include references) or rough estimates you might be able to make. What are the sources and levels of uncertainty associated with the amounts you quoted? For the main remedial actions you proposed in your writing #2, assess the potential evolution of their cost as a function of time before action is taken and justify the basis for your assessment (i.e., How will the cost of doing something about global warming change as time passes before something is done? Identify the best time to take action on global climate change and show how your analysis of projected costs supports your position on this issue.) • Analysis of economic impacts of global warming and possible remedial actions (NGO - 2 pages) Describe how you would outline the positive and negative economic impacts of global warming for the specific areas you have selected as the focus of your NGO and assign a dollar figure to each impact based on the available data you might be able to find (include references) or rough estimates you might be able to make. What are the sources and levels of uncertainty associated with the amounts you quoted? For the main remedial actions you proposed in your writing #2, assess the potential evolution of their cost as a function of time before action is taken and justify the basis for your assessment (i.e., How will the cost of doing something about global warming change as time passes before something is done? Identify the best time to take action on global climate change and show how your analysis of projected costs supports your position on this issue.) • Analysis of economic impacts of global warming and possible remedial actions (media - 2 pages) Describe how you would outline the positive and negative economic impacts of global warming for both the developed and the developing world in your media and assign a dollar figure to each impact based on the available data you might be able to find (include references) or rough estimates you might be able to make. What are the sources and levels of uncertainty associated with the amounts you quoted? For the main remedial actions you proposed in your writing #2, assess the potential evolution of their cost as a function of time before action is taken and justify the basis for your assessment (i.e., How will the cost of doing something about global warming change as time passes before something is done? Identify the best time to take action on global climate change and show how your analysis of projected costs supports your position on this issue.) WRITING 4 (rubric4) • Draft Topics (Topic - 1 page) Describe the topic you have selected and provide a rationale for its selection. Why might the countries participating in the summit be willing to come to an agreement on this topic? What countries do you anticipate might might have some issues with your topic and why? How can you address these issues while keeping the topic in the protocol? WRITING 5 (rubric5) • Draft Actions (Topic - 1 page) Provide an overview of possible actions you propose and how they could be implemented. What would be needed from different countries and/or organizations for your actions to succeed? WRITING 6 (rubric6) • Draft Proposal Articles (Topic - 1page) Provide a draft of the article you are proposing to include in the final agreement. Use legal wording (see previous years' articles). WRITING 7 (rubric7) • Final Draft Proposal Articles (Topic - 1page) Provide a final draft of the article that will be included in the summit agreement, including definitions that relevant to the article that will be included at the begining of the final agreement. Use legal wording (see previous years' articles). WRITING 8 (rubric8) • Analysis of Articles (Individual - 2 page) How did the class-room negotiations influence the way you shaped your article? What change or concession did you have to make in order to satisfy the needs of other countries? How did this compromise your article?